Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer that affects the body's plasma cells. These are a kind of white blood cells that typically produce antibodies. About one percent of all cases of cancer are multiple myeloma. In general, men develop MM more often, and overall it affects between 10 to 40 people out of a million on a yearly basis.

Symptoms

There can be a significant variation of symptoms in cases of multiple myeloma. Bone pain is particularly common, and this issue generally affects the patient's ribs and spine. Kidney failure can also affect a patient with MM. It is often brought on by high levels of calcium in the blood, which can happen as bones break down. Anemia may also appear in patients with this cancer. Headache, weakness, and other neurological symptoms can be present. A type of ascending urinary tract infection that involves the kidney pelvis, known as pyelonephritis, may happen.

Diagnosis

If a doctor finds certain things, it may lead him to want to do further checking. A protein electrophoresis is the test that is commonly used. The doctor will typically want to have both blood and urine tested, to see whether there is a paraprotein band, as well as other information. Other diagnostic tools are also available for looking for multiple myeloma. X-rays, an MRI, and a CAT scan can be employed. Having a bone marrow biopsy is also common. Other blood tests may be done. There are certain criteria used in the diagnosis of MM.

Treatment

In general, the treatment given to patients with multiple myeloma is aimed at containing the illness, and holding it back. A professional is the one who determines when to begin treatment and which to use. Age and any other possible illnesses may affect which treatment is used.

Prognosis

Based on the stage at which the disease is, the average survival time is anywhere from about 5 years (stage 1) to around 2.5 years (stage 3).